Drying increases organic colloidal mobilization in the karst vadose zone: Evidence from a 15-year cave-monitoring study     

Jin Liao  Chaoyong Hu  Xiuli Li  Jiaoyang Ruan 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14163

Understanding the hydrological processes of colloids within the karst vadose zone is vital to the security of karst groundwater and providing appropriate paleohydrological explanations of colloid-facilitated metals in speleothem. This study addresses the mobilization mechanisms driving colloidal organic matter (COM) transport in the karst vadose zone using a 15-year long monthly monitoring dataset from a cave drip point (HS4) in Heshang Cave, Qingjiang Valley, China. Variations in COM concentrations were reported as the fluorescence difference values of raw and filtered (<0.22 μm) samples at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm and emission wavelength of ~400 nm. A fluorescence humification index (HIX) lower than 0.8 and an autochthonous index (BIX) higher than 1.2 indicated that the origin of COM was mainly from the karst vadose zone, rather than the soil zone. The COM concentration varied from 0.001 to 0.038 Raman Unit (RU), with evident seasonal fluctuations. Rising limbs for COM values occurred prior to rising limbs within a dripwater hydrograph; moreover, the COM peak values corresponding to the beginning of the increasing hydrograph generally suggested that the mobilization of COM reflected the movement of the air–water interface (AWI) in the karst vadose zone rather than rainfall intensity or flow velocity. COM peak values were positively correlated with the antecedent drying duration and negatively correlated with HIX values. These phenomena may be explained by the increased amount of organic matter that was aggregated and absorbed on the surface of carbonate in the karst vadose zone during a longer drying duration. Moreover, the longer drying duration was also beneficial to autochthonous biological activity, which subsequently decreased the HIX value of the organic matter in the karst vadose zone. The movement of AWI and the drying duration are both controlled by the outside weather conditions. This study is therefore conducive to evaluating the security of karst groundwater in response to climate change, and challenges prevailing paleoclimate interpretations of colloid-facilitated metal abundance timeseries reported from speleothems.  相似文献   

岩溶水硝酸盐污染原位修复试验     

叶进霞  夏春英  卜鸿志 《中国岩溶》2020,39(2):173-179

岩溶含水层的极不均一性特征使岩溶水溶质运移受构造、裂隙空间及其发育方向控制；因环境条件复杂，开展岩溶水污染原位修复技术难度较大，截止目前，国内尚未系统地开展岩溶含水层水污染原位修复研究工作。文章选择鲁中南山区典型岩溶发育及硝酸盐污染地段，施工组合钻孔建设修复试验工程，采用“乙醇+葡萄糖”液态碳源和“聚乙烯醇+淀粉颗粒”固态反应器分别进行岩溶水硝酸盐污染原位修复试验。结果表明:浓度500 mg?L－1、1 000 mg?L－1的“乙醇+葡萄糖”反硝化溶液对硝酸盐浓度的降解率分别为6.45 %和21.52 %；单位长度组成材料“聚乙烯醇3 kg+淀粉颗粒3 kg”、“聚乙烯醇2 kg+淀粉颗粒4 kg”的两种反硝化固态反应器对硝酸盐浓度的降解率分为33.91%和34.96%。试验证明在裂隙型岩溶地区采用孔组方案进行地下水污染原位修复技术可行、且能取得较显著效果。修复工程布设方式和试验成果对类似地区开展岩溶地下水污染原位修复具一定借鉴意义。   相似文献   

Insights into agricultural influences and weathering processes from major ion patterns          下载免费PDF全文

Robert van Geldern  Peter Schulte  Michael Mader  Alfons Baier  Johannes A.C. Barth  Tobias R. Juhlke  Kern Lee 《水文研究》2018,32(7):891-903

Karst areas and their catchments pose a great challenge for protection because fast conduit flow results in low natural attenuation of anthropogenic contaminants. Studies of the hydrochemistry of karst sources and river solutes are an important tool for securing and managing water resources. A study of the geochemical downriver evolution of the Wiesent River and its tributaries, located in a typical karst terrain, revealed unexpected downstream decreases of nitrate with maximum mean values of 30 mg/L at the source to minimum values of 18 mg/L near the river mouth. This trend persisted over the length of the river even though increased agricultural activities are evident in the downstream section of the catchment. This pattern is caused by fertilizer inputs via diffusive and fast conduits flow from karst lithology in the upstream area that may have reached the river's source even from beyond the hydrological catchment boundaries. Further downstream, these influences became diluted by tributary inputs that drain subcatchments dominated by claystone and sandstone lithologies that increased potassium and sulphate concentrations. Our findings indicate that bedrock geology remains the dominant control on the major ion chemistry of the Wiesent River and that agricultural influences are strongest near the headwaters despite increased land use further downstream, due to long‐term storage and accumulation in karst aquifers. This feature may not be unique to the Wiesent River system, as carbonates cover significant portions of the Earth's surface and subsequent work in other river systems could establish whether such patterns are ubiquitous worldwide.  相似文献   

蒙自喀斯特断陷盆地边坡与盆缘的露石差异性     

蒋若涵  沈有信  赵志猛 《山地学报》2020,38(1):42-49

喀斯特露石常常占据一定比例的地表面积,且具有许多已知或未知的水文—生态功能,对于喀斯特地区的植被恢复和环境改善发挥着重要的作用。本实验运用样线法和拍照法识别喀斯特断陷盆地不同位置(盆缘和盆地边坡)露石的数量特征和外部形态特征,同时比较了两种方法测量样地岩石裸露率的精准度。结果发现:盆地边坡与盆缘的露石数量和外部特征存在显著差异,盆缘露石分布密度(0.54个·m-2)>盆地边坡(0.39个·m-2);但盆地边坡露石的长宽比大于盆缘,单体占地面积为盆缘露石的两倍,接近40%的盆地边坡露石与山体等高线平行。样线法和拍照法测量样地岩石裸露率的结果存有差异,但并不显著,且这种差异呈现出随着岩石裸露率的增加而逐渐增加的趋势,拍照测量结果具有较小的变异系数。这些结果说明了研究区露石具有较强的空间异质性,对解释地表水土运移规律和植物分布提供重要参考。拍照法能准确地测量岩石裸露率,并提供露石外部形态特征的精准数据,可以作为喀斯特样地露石调查的新方法加以推广。  相似文献   

泉水流量、电导率、pH值动态变化研究     

余保汶  肖敏杰  王旭  费璇 《地质与资源》2020,29(4):380-387

岩溶水是指赋存于岩溶孔隙中的地下水，是我国南方生产生活主要用水来源.随着社会对水资源需求的逐步扩大，岩溶水资源的开发利用越发重要.通过定期监测岳麓山泉水流量、电导率、pH值，结合岳麓山岩土层性质和长沙市降雨量，采用统计分析和Spearman秩相关系数法对泉水流量变化和泉水水质定性评价进行研究.研究结果表明，大气降雨对岩溶水进行补给从而使泉水流量增大，泉水流量的改变除与降雨量有关外，还受土壤入渗率和降雨时长的影响.采用Spearman秩相关系数法可定量计算电导率与时间的相关性，间接判断周围环境对泉水水质影响的难易程度，有利于识别电导率代表性位置泉眼，更好地监测和评价岩溶水.土壤酸沉降污染严重或酸雨频繁地区易导致岩溶水pH值呈酸性.对泉水流量和水质的研究有利于科学开发利用岩溶水资源.  相似文献   

相关和频谱分析法在岩溶系统中的应用研究综述     

李建鸿  蒲俊兵  张陶  王赛男 《中国岩溶》2020,39(3):335-344

岩溶含水层由多重含水介质组成，具有高度的非均质性，从系统角度出发，将岩溶系统看作是一个过滤器，将降雨作为输入信号，泉流量、水位、电导率、浊度等物理化学参数作为输出量进行相关和频谱分析是认识岩溶系统内部结构特征的有效方法。文章综述了相关和频谱分析法在岩溶系统研究中的应用，首先介绍了相关和频谱分析法基本理论的形成、发展过程和研究意义，然后总结了如何根据不同的研究目的选择相关和频谱分析法使用的时间序列的长度、周期和类型，最后阐述了该方法应用于岩溶系统分析的局限性。   相似文献   

淮南顾北矿F₁₀₄断层两侧岩溶水化学形成机制及导隔水性评价     

郑竹艳  许光泉  杨婷婷  余世滔  张海涛 《煤田地质与勘探》2020,48(1):129-137

利用断层两盘岩溶水化学特征判断其导隔水性对于我国华北型煤田水害防治具有十分重要的实践意义。以顾北矿F₁₀₄断层两侧太原组岩溶地下水为研究对象，在分析断层两盘水文地质条件基础上，采用Piper三线图、离子组合比和主成分法，分析了主要组分来源及水-岩作用差异性，并采用PHREEQC软件对岩溶地下水进行反向水化学模拟。结果表明:南北区岩溶水均存在方解石和白云石的溶解和沉淀现象，南区阳离子交换吸附和脱硫酸作用程度强于北区，而北区黄铁矿氧化和岩盐溶解作用较南区明显，南北两区水化学环境及水-岩作用存在显著差异，进而推断F₁₀₄断层具有较好的阻水性，且影响了其两侧的氧化-还原环境及温度差异，控制着地下水径流方向和水-岩作用程度。   相似文献   

Interannual variability in glacier contribution to runoff from a high‐elevation Andean catchment: understanding the role of debris cover in glacier hydrology     

Flavia Burger  Alvaro Ayala  David Farias  Thomas E. Shaw  Shelley MacDonell  Ben Brock  James McPhee  Francesca Pellicciotti 《水文研究》2019,33(2):214-229

We present a field‐data rich modelling analysis to reconstruct the climatic forcing, glacier response, and runoff generation from a high‐elevation catchment in central Chile over the period 2000–2015 to provide insights into the differing contributions of debris‐covered and debris‐free glaciers under current and future changing climatic conditions. Model simulations with the physically based glacio‐hydrological model TOPKAPI‐ETH reveal a period of neutral or slightly positive mass balance between 2000 and 2010, followed by a transition to increasingly large annual mass losses, associated with a recent mega drought. Mass losses commence earlier, and are more severe, for a heavily debris‐covered glacier, most likely due to its strong dependence on snow avalanche accumulation, which has declined in recent years. Catchment runoff shows a marked decreasing trend over the study period, but with high interannual variability directly linked to winter snow accumulation, and high contribution from ice melt in dry periods and drought conditions. The study demonstrates the importance of incorporating local‐scale processes such as snow avalanche accumulation and spatially variable debris thickness, in understanding the responses of different glacier types to climate change. We highlight the increased dependency of runoff from high Andean catchments on the diminishing resource of glacier ice during dry years.  相似文献   

Hydrological regulation of chemical weathering and dissolved inorganic carbon biogeochemical processes in a monsoonal river     

Jing Liu  Jun Zhong  Hu Ding  Fu-Jun Yue  Cai Li  Sen Xu  Si-Liang Li 《水文研究》2020,34(12):2780-2792

To better understand the mechanisms relating to hydrological regulations of chemical weathering processes and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) behaviours, high-frequency sampling campaigns and associated analyses were conducted in the Yu River, South China. Hydrological variability modifies the biogeochemical processes of dissolved solutes, so major ions display different behaviours in response to discharge change. Most ions become diluted with increasing discharge because of the shortened reactive time between rock and water under high-flow conditions. Carbonate weathering is the main source of major ions, which shows strong chemostatic behaviour in response to changes in discharge. Ions from silicate weathering exhibit a significant dilution effect relative to the carbonate-sourced ions. Under high temperatures, the increased soil CO₂ influx from the mineralisation of organic material shifts the negative carbon isotope ratios of DIC (δ¹³C_DIC) during the high-flow season. The δ¹³C_DIC values show a higher sensitivity than DIC contents in response to various hydrological conditions. Results from a modified isotope-mixing model (IsoSource) demonstrate that biological carbon is a dominant source of DIC and plays an important role in temporal carbon dynamics. Furthermore, this study provides insights into chemical weathering processes and carbon dynamics, highlighting the significant influence of hydrological variability to aid understanding of the global carbon cycle.  相似文献   

重庆市中梁山地区隐伏塌陷特征及物探勘测的思路     

张银松  曹聪  康世海  刘家富 《中国岩溶》2020,39(6):918-927

为查明隐伏塌陷区域，分析重庆市中梁山地区岩溶塌陷的特征，发现塌陷主要发生在以岩溶裂隙发育为主的松散粉质黏土区域；地震映像法能方便、快速地查清土层的松散状态，而高密度电阻率法通过正演模拟发现只能探测出2～3倍电极距的异常范围，但能反映出岩溶裂隙发育的漏斗形态，即只要能找出岩溶裂隙的大致位置和浅表松散土层的范围就能圈定隐伏塌陷的区域。对中梁山地区某居民点进行野外勘测，综合以上两种方法圈定隐伏塌陷区域，其推断结果与钻探资料十分吻合，说明这种隐伏岩溶探测思路是可行的。   相似文献